James River Publications - Virginia Regiments - mosocco.com/jreb/civilwar.htm

The H.E. Howard Company has commissioned the "Virginia Regimental Histories Series," and has as its goal the preservation of all material related to Virginia soldiers who fought during the American Civil War. To date, substantial work has been completed with the issuance of numerous regimental histories. They can be contacted at:
H.E. Howard
Route # 2, Box 496H
Appomattox, VA 24522

If you are interested in more information on the H. E. Howard Regimental Histories and/or you wish to purchase a copy of a particular Virginia Regimental History, in addition to further info. on Virginia Civil War History, you can visit Jeff Weaver's website. Mr. Weaver is one of the largest contributors to this exceptional series.

Petersburg, Virginia Website - Craterroad! Check it out!

'They Have Our Range, Move Up Closer’ "FIGHTING WITH JEB STUART," The Biography of Major James Breathed, Stuart Horse Artillery Reviewed by William Connery. FIGHTING WITH JEB STUART Major James Breathed and the Confederate Horse Artillery By David P. Bridges Breathed Bridges Best, LLC, $32.95 414 pages, “They have our range, move up closer.” So remembered Confederate General L.L. Lomax when asked in 1903 about his fellow officer, Major James Breathed. When under fire from Union artillerists, Breathed would often not move his own guns back, but move forward, putting himself in greater danger, but also inflicting greater casualties on the enemy. This fine biography, penned by Breathed’s great-great nephew, David P. Bridges, is an excellent addition to any Civil War enthusiast’s library, especially those with an interest in JEB Stuart and a specialized branch of the cavalry, the horse artillery. If the name James Breathed does not ring an immediate bell, he has lived in the shadow of the two shining stars of the Confederate cavalry, JEB Stuart and ‘the Gallant Pelham,’ so named by Robert E. Lee at Fredericksburg. Breathed was a quiet man, reserved in his life outside of the fire of battle, but under combat conditions, showed a coolness and passion that elicited the devotion of his men and the admiration of friend and foe alike. James Breathed was born near Berkeley Springs, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1838, the first child of Judge John and Ann Breathed. Eight siblings followed him. By 1848 the family had moved to Maryland, to a plantation near Sharpsburg named Bai-Yuka (fountain rock). As a young man, James attended the Episcopal College of St. James, just across the road from Bai-Yuka. Most students were interested in becoming Episcopal priests—James’ proclivity was in the field of medicine. Breathed attended the School of Medicine at the University of Maryland (Baltimore) and by 1860 was practicing medicine in Rushville, Missouri. A Virginian by birth and raised a Marylander, his parents persuaded him to return to Maryland. Breathed boarded the train to go back East, to offer his services to the Cause. Somewhere between Memphis and Pennsylvania, he sat next to James Ewell Brown (JEB) Stuart. They were both traveling for the same reasons, and the two men became good friends. After a short stay at Bai-Yuka, Breathed saddled his horse and rode to Martinsburg, Virginia, where on April 19, 1861, he enlisted for one year in the Berkeley Troopers of Cavalry as a private. Breathed was part of Stuart’s command and distinguished himself by ably performing scouting and other duties along the Potomac River near Harpers Ferry. He was with Stuart as the Southern cavalry helped rout the Union troops at First Manassas (Bull Run). Until November 1861 Breathed was part of the regular cavalry. Then on the 18th, he received his commission as a 2nd Lieutenant, and two days later was transferred to the newly formed ‘Stuart’s Horse Artillery.’ During the Civil War, horse artillery was usually attached to specific brigades of cavalry. A typical horse battery was equipped with four 12-pounder guns, sometimes Napoleons, sometimes 3-inch rifles. The guns were each pulled by either four or six horses, depending on the availability of horses. Each set of teamed horses had a driver on the left horse. Caissons, which held gunpowder, ammunition, fuses, and equipment for firing the pieces, were assigned one per gun. The limber chest held up to 50 rounds of ammunition. When all the limber’s ammunition was expended in battle, another limber was moved to the gun to replenish its supply of projectiles. From this point Breathed’s fortunes of war lay with his service within the Stuart Horse Artillery. And except for a brief period during the summer of 1864, when he was recovering from a bullet wound to the stomach, he was there for every major campaign of what would become the Army of Northern Virginia. He was with Stuart during his first ‘Ride Around McClellan’ as Robert E. Lee took command of the Confederate army and drove the Union forces away from Richmond in June and July of 1862. Both Stuart and Breathed learned two important lessons about positioning horse artillery in a raiding column. Breathed’s guns had not fired a shot during the raid. They were usually at the end of Stuart’s column. Also, 1,200 horses had made a muddy mess of the roads, almost resulting in the loss of one gun in the churned-up muck. Putting the guns closer to the front would prove more valuable for fighting effectiveness and less tiring for the horses. The author has done splendid work in having his book filled with photos, illustrations, and most important of all, maps of the important battles and skirmishes that Breathed was involved in. This makes the book more accessible to the casual Civil War reader, who may be put to sleep by tomes that go on and on concerning some arcane fact or battle. In this book we have an understandable explanation of a, so far, little known and less understood, arm of the Confederate army. By August 1862, Breathed was well schooled in the efficient use of the horse artillery. Its mobility allowed it to move about the battlefield quickly, unlimber rapidly, and engage the enemy at close range with deadly effect. One of his men recalled, “It is a fact … that the great battle of Antietam was opened on the Confederate side, early in the morning of September 17, and on the extreme left wing, by Breathed’s four guns, commanded by himself and within 10 miles of where he had been reared to manhood.” Breathed was with Stuart in June and July 1863, as the ill fated ride that lead them to Gettysburg took place. On February 29, 1864, Breathed’s winter camp was attacked near Charlottesville, Virginia, by Union cavalry under Gen. George Custer. Though their camp was destroyed, Breathed’s men could rescue their guns and drive back the Yankees. The ladies of Charlottesville rewarded them with a silk flag. When Stuart was wounded at Yellow Tavern on May 11, Breathed was there to intercept Custer’s Michigan cavalrymen who were trying to capture Stuart’s ambulance. JEB died of his wound the next day. At the end of June, Breathed was severely wounded, leading a charge of the 6th Virginia Cavalry. A pistol ball struck him in the abdomen and knocked him from his horse. He spent all of July and part of August on medical leave in Richmond. On July 7, Robert E. Lee penned a note to the artillerist: “I heard with great regret that you were wounded and incapacitated for active duty. I beg to tender you my sympathy, and to express the hope that the army will not be deprived of your valuable services.” Breathed was outside the lines of the Army of Northern Virginia on April 9, 1865, when Lee surrendered. His friend cavalry General Thomas Munford recorded that “we turned our backs upon it and I may say that we ‘never surrendered.’” Breathed made his peace with the Federal government in Winchester, Virginia, on April 24 and took the oath of allegiance to the U.S. government. From there he traveled to his sister Priscilla’s house in Hancock, Maryland. She was married to Robert Bridges, a local entrepreneur, who helped Breathed set up a doctor’s office in their home. Breathed probably suffered from what we now call Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. His health never fully returned and the pain of his stomach wound continually bothered him. He continued his medical practice until his death on February 14, 1870. He was just 32 years old. The cause of his death remains unknown. He had been wounded several times during the war, and the effects of those injuries, coupled with his laudanum addiction, probably fatally weakened his constitution. During the early years of the 20th century, Robert Bridges, the chief editor of Scribner’s Magazine in New York City, asked Priscilla to send him Breathed’s wartime papers. The novelist Thomas Nelson Page told her that Breathed’s life contained the “romance of the South” and wished to write about him. But the papers remained with Priscilla, probably because of her advanced age and deteriorating health. Finally at the beginning of the 21st century, her great-great grandson, David P. Bridges, could access those papers and write a book needed to explain one of the little understood arms of the Confederate army and restore to prominence one of the forgotten heroes of the South. William Connery is a freelance writer living in Alexandria, Virginia. He has written and spoken on various Civil War topics. He is currently speaking in the Washington, DC, area on The Confederate Navy and the CSS Shenandoah. Email William Connery now!

"Civil War Soldiers from Brunswick County, Virginia," by Dr. William M. Pritchett, a prominent genealogist and Civil War historian who grew up near Danieltown, Brunswick County, Virginia. "For seven years beginning in 1972, the Brunswick Times-Gazette published Dr. Pritchett's articles on approximately 1,140 soldiers and other individuals from Brunswick County who contributed to the Civil War effort. Following their publication, Dr. Pritchett received a tremendous amount of additional information that he used to update the stories. Although he compiled the stories into a 2,300-page book, it remained unpublished at his death. We are now pleased to report that his son, John W. Pritchett, a Colonial Virginia genealogist, has published the book. Gateway Press, of Baltimore, Maryland, an affiliate of Genealogical Publishing Company, printed the book for Mr. Pritchett. Printed on 8 ½ x 11, 50 lb. paper, the attractive volume is Smyth-sewn and has a Roxite cloth hard cover with title on both the spine and front cover. The published book is 731 pages long and full-name indexed. An index of community, church, and family cemeteries is also included. Soldiers includes not only a topic about each of the 1,140 soldiers but also the history of several Confederate Army units in which Brunswick County men served: Allen's Artillery, Brunswick Grays, Brunswick Blues, Brunswick Guards, Coleman's Artillery, Ebenezer Grays, Co. C, 44th Virginia Infantry Reserves, and the 12th Infantry Regiment. Also in the book is the group photograph of many of the surviving Brunswick County Confederate veterans taken in 1908 at the reunion of Confederate veterans. More than 30 of the individuals in the picture are identified. Books are $70 plus $3 shipping and can be ordered by sending a check to, made out to; The Old Brunswick Camp Sons of Confederate Veterans PO Box 934 Lawrenceville, VA 23868 ** Please include the return address that you want the book mailed to, and please make sure it is clearly legible. Books can also be purchased at ; Brunswick County Library Brunswick Insurance Agency 133 West Hicks Street 233 Main Street Lawrenceville, VA 23868 Lawrenceville, VA 23868." Many thanks to Tracy Clary (804-848-4556) for submitting this information to me for use on my website!

Buchanan County, Virginia Civil War Website

Page County Confederate Units & Veterans Home Page Website

Hmm. Where do I put this out? How about right here...Life of Brigadier General John McCausland - no, it's too long Check out the bottom of this webpage for more about this valiant General.

"Rebel Watchdog: The Confederate States Army Provost Guard," by Kenneth Radley. Published in 1989, by the Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, this book recounts this unit organized by General Robert Edward Lee given the responsibility of rounding up and returning to service the stragglers and deserters that were whittling away the effective fighting force of the Confederate Armies throughout the war. 392 pages, cost $ 30.00.

1^st Virginia, "First Virginia Infantry," by Lee A. Wallace, Jr. Published by H.E. Howard in 1985, 133 pages, $ 25.00.

1st Virginia, "History of the First Regiment, Virginia (Union) Infantry," by Charles J. Rawling. Published by the J.B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1887, this book may prove hard to locate.

1^st Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

1^st Virginia Regiment Volunteers, Company H, "The Richmond Grays" Website

2^nd Virginia, "History of the Second Regiment, Virginia (Union) Infantry," by Frank S. Reader. Published in 1890 at New Brighton, Pennsylvania, this book may prove hard to locate.

"2^nd Virginia," by Dennis E. Frye, 1984, 146 pages, photos, roster, cost $ $ 25.00., H. E. Howard.

2^nd Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

This is not a regimental history, but a memoir of a child growing up in Clarke County, VA during the War. Father Major S.J.C. Moore of 2^nd Va. Infantry, who became Early's Adjutant General. Has a great description of Mosby's attack on the wagon train at Berryville in 1864. Viewpoint is unusual, and gives good homefront info. Put out as a Clarke County Proceeding, by Clarke Co. Historical Assn., P.O. Box 306, Berryville, VA 22611 - paperback, c85 pages, indexed - $10.00. Thanks to Mary Morris - Archivist, CCHA mjmorris@rma.edu, for providing me with this information.

"3^rd Virginia," by Lee Wallace, Jr., 126 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00., H. E. Howard.

Read the obituary of Benjamin J. Sheppard, Company G, 3^rd Virginia February, 1939 - (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

4^th Virginia, "The Liberty Hall Volunteers: Stonewall's College Boys," by William G. Bean. Originally published in 1964 by the University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, with 227 pages. Company I, of the 4^th Virginia Infantry Volunteer Regiment was comprised of young lads from Washington (later Washington & Lee) College. Company I was led into battle by Captain(s) James J. White, Henry R. Morrison, Hugh A. White, and Givens B. Strickler. They would go on to fight in all the major conflicts of the Eastern Theater of war, including 1^st Bull Run, Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign, Peninsular Campaign, 2^nd Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness Campaign, Sheridan's final Shenandoah Valley campaign and Appomattox Court House. Sadly, after the engagement at Gettusburg, there only remained three original members of this company out of a total of seventy three. Valiant boys. Youthful men. Sad.

4^th Virginia, "Memoirs of a Pulaski Veteran," by James N. Bosang, who was the Captain of Company C, of the Fourth Virginia Infantry. Published in 1912, at Pulaski, Virginia, you may have to settle for contemporary tomes, as this title may prove very hard to find.

"4^th Virginia," by Dr. James I. Robertson, 1982, 87 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard. (As a side note, the 4th Virginia was issued a Confederate battle flag of the Third Bunting Pattern, September 15, 1863, in honor of its past fighting.

4^th Virginia Regiment History: Jim McCroskey's great great grandfather served with the Stonewall Brigade for several years. Jim has done extensive research on the 4^th Virginia and has a ton of info. on the 4^th Virginia. If you need any info., names, etc., e-mail Jim directly at J1748@aol.com.

"5^th Virginia," by Lee Wallace, Jr., 1988, 180 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

5^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

5^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Roster Website

Read about John F. Brooke, member of the 5^th Virginia Volunteer Infantry, as he celebrates his 100^th Birthday! (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

"6^th Virginia," by Michael A. Cavanaugh, 1988, 148 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"7^th Virginia," by David F. Riggs, 1982, 107 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

7^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry, Company "D" Website

"8^th Virginia," by John Divine, 1986, 89 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

8^th Virginia, "Historical Sketch of the Nottoway Grays (Co. "G" Eighth Virginia)," by Richard Irby. Published by the Olde Soldier Books, 48 pages, this unit of the Army of Northern Virginia was brigaded with regiments from Georgia, Mississippi, and Alabama, cost $ 15.00.

"9^th Virginia," by Benjamin Trask, 1984, 106 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"9^th Virginia Battalion and the 25th Virginia," by Richard L. Armstrong, 1990, 263 pages, photos, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"10^th Virginia," by Terrence V. Murphy, 1991, 196 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"11^th Virginia," by Robert T. Bell, 1985, 103 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"12^th Virginia," by William D. Henderson, 1984, 208 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

12^th Virginia, "The Diary of J. E. Whitehorne, First Sergeant, Company F, Twelfth Virginia Infantry, Ambrose Powell Hill's Third Confederate Army Corps, Army of Northern Virginia," by J. E. Whitehorne. Compiled by Fletcher L. Elmore, Jr. 1995 reprint, 114 pages, cost $ 25.00.

"13^th Virginia, "With the Old Confeds: Actual Experiences of a Captain in the Line" by Captain Samuel D. Buck, Company H, Thirteenth Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment. Originally published in 1925, this 2007 reprint includes an index, roster, photos, new introduction and battle locations. The 13th Virginia saw a lot of action, from 1st and 2nd Manassas, and the three Winchester battles to Gaines' Mill, Malvern Hill and Antietam, to both Fredericksburgs, Cold Harbor, Cedar Creek and finally at Appomattox Court-House. When Buck left his company in March, 1865 to join a cavalry unit there were only four men left in his company. Proceeds from this reprint are being donated to the Kernstown Battlefield Association. David F. Riggs, 1989, 158 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"13^th Virginia," by David F. Riggs, 1989, 158 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"14^th Virginia," by Thomas R. Crew, Jr. & Michael T. Parrish, 1995, 118 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"15^th Virginia," by Louis Manarin, 1992, 125 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

15^th Virginia Infantry Website

"16^th Virginia," by Benjamin Trask, 128 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"17^th Virginia Infantry," by Lee A. Wallace, Jr., 154 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00. Published in 1990 by H. E. Howard.

17^th Virginia, "History of the Seventeenth Virginia Infantry, C.S.A.," by George Wise. Originally published in 1870 at Baltimore, Maryland, this reprint issue costs $ 25.00.

17^th Virginia, "Northern Virginia's Own: The Seventeenth Virginia Infantry Regiment, Confederate States Army" by William M. Glasgow, Jr., Colonel, US Army Ret. Published by Gobill Press, PO Box 571, Alexandria VA 22313 (Copyright March 30, 1989). "I found it in the Arlington County, Virginia, public library where it has the call no. 973.7455 G548n 1989. The book has 338 pages of text followed by many pages of references and a complete muster roll. It is based extensively on letters and diaries of individual soldiers and does a nice job of weaving the history of the regiment into the larger fabric of the war. It is filled with quotes from the chroniclers and descriptions of their daily lives. It makes for very interesting reading." Special thanks to David G. Davis Arlington VA for submitting this information to me for use on my website.

17^th Virginia Infantry Regiment, Company D, "Fairfax Rifles" Website by the Living History Society Website

"18^th Virginia," by Dr. James I. Robertson, 1984, 88 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

18^th Virginia, "Historical Sketch of the Nottoway Grays. History of Company G, 18th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia, Garnett's Brigade, Pickett's Division," by Richard W. Irby. This regiment sustained SEVENTY PERCENT casualties at Gettysburg on July 3rd, 1863. 1989 reprint, roster, 48 pages, cost $ 20.00.

19^th Virginia, "Reminiscences of Big I," by Private William N. Wood, Company A, 19^th Virginia. Originally published in 1907 by the Michie Company, Charlottesville, Virginia with 107 pages. This unit was mustered into service of the Confederacy principles during the summer of 1861. It would participate in the engagements at such Virginia landscapes as Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Seven Days Battles (Peninsular Campaign), 2^nd Manassas, Antietam, Md., Gettysburg, Pa, as well as Cold Harbor, and Sayler's Creek, etc. The original run of this book was comprised on only 200 copies, so if you can locate a very rare edition, hold on to it! The Charlottesville, Virginia newspaper, Progress, printed the entire book in a series during 1895. This book was reprinted in 1956 by the McCowat-Mercer Publishing Press, Jackson, Tennessee and edited by Bell I. Wiley, with 138 pages. The 1956 edition was again reprinted in 1987 by Broadfoot Publishing, Wilmington, North Carolina.

"19^th Virginia," by Ervin Jordan & Herbert Thomas, 1987, 112 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"20^th and 39^th Virginia," by G.L. Sherwood & Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1994, 143 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"21^st Virginia," by David F. Riggs, 1991, 105 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

22^nd Virginia, "Colonel George S. Patton and the 22^nd Virginia InfantryRegiment," by Stan Cohen, as published as an article in the West Virginia History, volume XXVI, April, 1965.

22^nd Virginia, "'Men of Virginia-Men of Kanawha-To Arms!' A History of the Twenty-Second Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment, C.S.A.," by Val Husley, as published as an article in the West Virginia History, volume XXXV, Number 3.

"22^nd Virginia," by Terry Lowry, 1988, 231 pages, maps, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

"23^rd Virginia," by Thomas Rankin, 1985, 150 pages, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read the Obituary of Robert Morgan French, Company C, 23rd Virginia Infantry (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

"23^rd Battalion, Virginia," by J.L. Scott, 1988, 112 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"24^th Virginia," by Ralph White Gunn, 1987, 112 pages, maps, photos, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

"25^th Virginia and 9^th Battalion Virginia", by Richard L. Armstrong, 1990, 263 pages, photos, roster, photos, cost
$ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

25^th Virginia Infantry Outline Website

"26^th Battalion, Virginia", by Terry Lowry, 1992, 167 pages, maps, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read the Story of John P. Willard, Company A, (Charleston, WV Sharpshooters) 26^th Battalion (Edgard's) Virginia Volunteers (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

part 2 of John P. Willard's story (continued) - click here

26^th Virginia, "Confederate Chaplain William Edward Wiatt-An Annotated Diary," edited by Alex L. Wiatt, the great great grandson of Chaplain Wiatt who first enlisted as a private in the Twenty-sixth Virginia, being appointed Regimental Chaplain some months later. His diary covers 1861 through the surrender at Appomattox in 1865. 1994, 121 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"27^th Virginia," by Lowell Reidenbaugh, 1993, 191 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

"28^th Virginia," by Frank E. Fields, Jr., 1985, 90 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

"29^th Virginia," by John P. Alderman, 1989, 143 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

29^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

29th Virginia Infantry Regiment, "The Hogs of Cold Harbor," by Richard Lee Fulgham, M.A. "This book is a discovery. It gave me so close a sense of what it was like to be a Confederate soldier in the Civil War that I began to think of my own army experience. Old fears old excitements, even memories of my old equipment, and with it all, vivid as the sound of gunfire, came the smell of battle in the air of the book. I loved reading The Hogs of Cold Harbor. I was in the Civil War on the Southern side. That is no small education for a Northerner like me." -Norman Mailer

"The wild hogs of Virginia are vicious. They attack, kill and devour. They show no mercy and eat their victims alive. The wild hogs are smart. They strategize with their enemies. They are worthy adversaries. But the wild hogs have honor. They will not hurt or destroy their own. In the minds of some, this last, simple fact raises the wild hogs of Virginia to an ethical level far above that of Man. A hog will not kill its own. But Man will and has. The Civil War brought man against man, family against family, and brother against brother. Some fought for their God, others for freedom and liberty, still others to protect their homes and loved ones. Young men fought for the pride of their land and country and heritage. But in the battlefields, looking upon the mountains of dead and wounded, seeing the enemy’s face and recognizing it as your own, a man begins to question the true meaning of honor. As the wild pigs feast upon the slaughtered masses of men, yet show compassion and solitude with their own kind, field soldiers may begin to look deep into their souls at their own morality and purpose. John Henry Hess joined the confederate army with his heart filled with pride. He would fight for his country, for his wife and unborn child, and for the right of the Lord to rule over His great land. There was not a Rebel more proud than Johnny Hess was. But in those dark fields, young Johnny Hess came to realize that there were stunning similarities between Man and Animal. The body of a man, blown apart by gunfire, is almost identical to that of a hog. There was little difference between the yearly slaughter of the farm hogs and the slaughter of men on the battlefield. Except that a hog would not kill its own, as he had done. The Hogs of Cold Harbor implores readers to question our history as well as themselves. Author and historian Richard Lee Fulgham, M.A. crafted this haunting tale of the good and evil that dwells within us all based on the diaries of Southwest Virginian John Henry Hess, Pvt., CSA (Company G, 29th Virginia Infantry Regiment, Pickett’s Division, Longstreet’s Corps, 1862-1864). Is Man truly no better than the animals he commands and destroys? The Hogs of Cold Harbor is a powerful, haunting story in which Richard Lee Fulgham delves deep into the timeless questions of our existence. Are we Man? Are we Animal? And what is the difference? About the Author Richard Lee Fulgham, M.A. grew up in the Deep South and remembers all too well the world he describes in The Hogs of Cold Harbor: The Civil War Saga of Private Johnny Hess, CSA. He served upon the USS Raleigh during the Vietnam era and later earned his bachelor’s degree from Columbus State University in Georgia and his master’s degree ten years later from the University of Kentucky. Mr. Fulgham has published dozens of articles in national magazines and authored four traditionally published books: Appalachian Genesis, Man’s Laughter, The Embracing Woods, and Lion: Nietzsche Contra Christ. Mr. Fulgham is a member of Sons of Confederate Veterans, Veterans of Foreign Wars, and is a charter member of The Norman Mailer Society. A native of Georgia, the author and his wife, Janet, currently live in Bel Air, Maryland.

Originally published in 2005 by Whitmore Publishing Co., 926 Liberty Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 ISBN # 0-87426-058-2 341 pages, includes Appendix with passages from War Diary of John Henry Hess, cost $ 29.00. You can contact the author directly at Richard Fulgham Click to view Dustjacket -- Back of Book

"30^th Virginia," by Robert K. Krick, 1983, 143 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

30^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

"30^th Battalion Virginia Sharpshooters", by Michael West. 1995, 321 pages, maps, roster, photos, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

31^st Virginia, by John M. Ashcraft, Jr., 1988, 171 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

31^st Virginia, "The Personal Recollections of John Henry Cammack, a Soldier of the Confederacy, 1861-1865, the Thirty-first Virginia Volunteer Infantry," by John Henry Commack, 166 page 1992 reprint cost $ 20.00.

31^st Virginia Infantry Website

32^nd Virginia, by Les Jensen, 1991, 216 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

32^nd Virginia Volunteer Infantry, "Warwick Beauregards" Website

33^rd Virginia, by Lowell Reidenbaugh, 1987, 151 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

33^rd Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

36^th Virginia, by J.L. Scott, 1987, 116 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

36^th Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

37^th Virginia, by Thomas Rankin, 1989, 150 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

37^th Virginia Regiment, Company C Website

38^th Virginia, by Howard G.Gregory, 1988, 137 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E.Howard.

Read about Lt. Colonel Powh Powhatan B. Whittle of the 38th Virginia (thanks to Henry Mitchell)

Read an 1861 letter from Powhatan Whittle to his brother James Whittle (thanks to Henry Mitchell)

39th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment: The Eastern Shore and the War Between the States. The officers who organized the 39th in 1861 were part of the Eastern Shore's elite. First was Col. Charles Smith, an Eastville doctor and militia officer. Then there was Lt. Col. Louis C.H. Finney of Onancock and Maj. Nathaniel Robert Cary both veterans of the militia and Cary a veteran of the Mexican War. The Surgeon was Peter Fielding Browne who lived in The Rectory in Accomac. Browne's brother, O.A. Browne, served on the CSS Shenandoah. Others included Surgeon William A. Thom and Asst. Surgeon William S. Stoakley. The adjutant was Hugh Ker, related to John Ker (Kerr) who built Kerr Place in Onancock in 1799, present site of the Eastern Shore of VA Historical Society. Hugh Ker lived at Cessford, in Eastville. Finally, the Asst. Quartermaster was R.B. Winder (pronounced "win" in Virginia). Overall, many of the officers had good intentions but few had any combat experience or military education. They even had to inquire whether or not the soldiers could go home at night and rotate camp service! Incidences such as this plagued the regiment for its history. Colonel Smith's first official report was prepared on July 11th at Camp Huger. He informed the Confederate Secretary of War, Leroy P. Walker, of the situation on the Shore. "In accordance with orders received from General Richard Garnett, I have mustered into service three companies of infantry and one of cavalry, numbering 220 men. This force has now been doing active service at Camp Huger for four weeks. We are almost entirely cut off from the rest of the Southern Confederacy by the blockade…You can readily perceive, sir, that we would be glad to receive all the information and instructions as to our duty with which you can furnish us." Co. A, from Northampton County, belonged to Capt. William C. Wickings. They enlisted on June 8 and later served in the 19th VA Arty and in the 16th VA Infy. They were stationed at Camp Huger, three miles from Eastville, the county seat. Co. B was under Capt. Francis M. Ironmonger. They enlisted in June for 12 months and were stationed at Camp Huger which was the site of old Revolutionary War earthworks. Some later signed on for the duration of the war and served in the 16th VA, Co. H, or the 19th VA Arty. Co. C was a cavalry company under Capt. Thomas Z. Henderson. It was raised on June 22 at Franktown, Northampton. A few escaped to the mainland and later served in the 19th VA Arty or the 16th VA. Co. D was officered by James S. Kellam and mustered in June at Downing's Wharf, Northampton. They later served in the 19th VA Arty or Capt. Young's Marine Howitzer Co. Company A numbered 80 men, while B, C and D numbered 89, 73 and 63 respectively. Their occupations range from school teacher (G.W.J. Addison) to student (C.F. Brickhouse) to farm laborer (J.H. Bradford). The first action for these companies was at Cherrystone Creek on August 2nd for the "purpose of keeping off the enemy." Companies A and B took positions along Cherrystone Creek while Colonel Smith ordered companies B and D to positions 14 miles away on Old Plantation Point from Camp Huger. Federal ships by the names of Cadwalader, Adnatic and Fanny had set out from Fort Monroe. The Union gunners and the Confederate soldiers were inaccurate and neither side sustained casualties even though the engagement lasted 3 hours. These steamers tried to land but without success and in retreating, "burnt two…vessels" belonging to local citizens "to effect the blockade." The Baltimore Sun later reported on August 5th that the Federal ships had come under artillery fire but it is unlikely that any artillery was there. This was the only skirmish in Northampton County.

39^th and 20^th Virginia, by G.L. Sherwood & Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1994, 143 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

40^th Virginia, by Robert K. Krick, 1985, 108 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

41^st Virginia, by William Henderson, 1988, 159 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

41^st Virginia, "Charlie's Letters," edited by R. Couture, soft cover, 126 pages, price of $ 9.95.

42^nd Virginia, by John D. Chapla, 1983, 147 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

42^nd Virginia Regiment Website

44^th Virginia, by Kevin C. Ruffner, 1987, 121 pages, maps, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

45^th Virginia, by J.L. Scott, 1989, 127 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

45^th Battalion Virginia Infantry: "Smith and Count's Battalion of Partisan Rangers," by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1992, 189 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

46^th Virginia, by Darrell L. Collins, 1992, 156 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

47^th Virginia, by Homer Musselman, 1991, 172 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

48^th Virginia, by John D. Chapla, 1989, 168 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

48^th Virginia Regiment Website

49^th Virginia, "History of the Forty-ninth Virginia Infantry, C.S.A.," by Laura Virginia Hale, and S. Phillips. Published in 1981 by S.S. Phillips and Associates, Lanham, Maryland.

49^th Virginia Infantry Reenactor's Website

50^th Virginia, by John D. Chapla, 1997, 212 pages, roster, photographs, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

51^st Virginia, by James A. Davis, 1984, 102 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

51^st Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

52^nd Virginia, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1986, 200 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

52^nd Virginia, "How a One-Legged Rebel Lives: The Story of the Campaigns of Stonewall Jackson," by John S. Robson, of the Fifty Second Virginia Infantry. 1984 reprint, 192 pages, cost $ 25.00.

52^nd Virginia Regiment Volunteer Infantry Website

Read about Private Daniel Tompkins Ashwell, Company F, 53rd Virginia Infantry, Pickett's Division (for your personal view only - unauthorized duplication is strictly forbidden!)

54^th Virginia, by G.L. Sherwood & Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1993, 238 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

54^th Virginia Infantry Website

54^th Battalion Virginia Infantry Website

55^th Virginia, by Richard O'Sullivan, 1989, 160 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

56^th Virginia, by Patricia C. and W.A. Young, Jr., 1990, 197 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read about Captain Frank W. Nelson, Company A, 56th Virginia Infantry, Colonel W.D. Stewart, Garrnett's Brigade, Pickett's Division, Longstreet's Corps - Pickett's Last Man remaining from their valiant Gettsyburg Charge - part 1 (for your personal viewing only).

part 2 of Captain Frank W. Nelson's newspaper article - 1936 (for your personal viewing only)

56^th Virginia, "I Wrote You Word: The Poignant Letters of Private John L. Holt, 1829-1863, Company I, of the Fifth-sixth Virginia Infantry Regiment," by John Holt. Edited by James A. Mumper. 158 pages, cost $ 20.00.

57^th Virginia, by Charles Sublett, 1985, 94 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

58^th Virginia, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1990, 160 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

59^th Virginia, by G.L. Sherwood & Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1994, 212 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

59^th Battalion Virginia Infantry Website

61^st Virginia, by Benjamin Trask, 1989, 120 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

61^st Virginia, "A Pair of Blankets - War-Time History in Letters to the Young People of the South," by Lieutenant Colonel William H. Stewart, 61st Virginia. Originally published in 1911, and edited by Benjamin Trask, the Jackson Grays which later became Company "A" of the Sixty-first Virginia fought under General Mahone at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor and Petersburg where Mahone's men killed Black Union Soldiers in the Battle of the Crater rather than accept their surrender. Reprinted by Broadfoot Publishing, 274 pages, cost $ 30.00.

62^nd Virginia, by Roger U. Delauter, 1988, 121 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

63^rd Virginia Infantry, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1991, 158 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

63^rd Virginia Infantry Website

64^th Virginia Infantry, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1993, 175 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

64^th Virginia Infantry Website

70^th Virginia Militia - Washington County - Website

72^nd Virginia Militia - Russell County - Website

78^th Virginia Militia - Grayson County - Website

164^th Virginia Militia - Scott County - Website

94^th Virginia Militia - Lee County - Website

152^nd Virginia Militia - Carroll County - Website

188^th Virginia Militia - Tazewell County - Website

190^th Virginia Militia - Wyoming County - Website

"30^th Battalion Virginia Sharpshooters", by Michael West, 1995, 321 pages, maps, rosters, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

198^th Virginia Militia - Bland County - Website

"Richmond Light Infantry Blues", by Garrett & Massie. Released in 1934, in perfect condition, cost $ 110.00.

Scott County, Virginia Militia Website

Wythe County, Virginia Militia Website

VIRGINIA CAVALRY UNITS

1^st Virginia Cavalry, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1991, 268 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Letters of John Hamilton Ervine, 1^st Va Cavalry Website

2^nd Virginia Cavalry, by Robert J. Driver, Jr. and H.E. Howard, 1995, 302 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Company A, 2^nd Virginia Cavalry, the Clay Dragoons Website

3^rd Virginia Cavalry, by Thomas Nanzig, 1989, 142 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

3^rd Virginia Cavalry, "Recollections of an Old Dominion Dragoon: The Civil War Experiences of Sergeant Robert S. Hudgins II, Company B, Third Virginia Cavalry," by Robert S. Hudgins. Edited by Garland C. Hudgins and Richard B. Kleese. Maps, index, 1993 issue, cost $ 20.00.

4^th Virginia Cavalry, by Kenneth Stiles, 1985, 154 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

The Black Horse Cavalry, Company H, 4th Virginia Cavalry, CSA Website

4^th Virginia Cavalry, Powhatan Guards, Company "E" Website

5^th Virginia Cavalry, Princess Anne Cavalry, Company "A" Website

Read about George L. Towne, Member of the 5th (US) Virginia Cavalry, (Original owned by R.A. Mosocco, Owner of this Website for your personal viewing). Click here for Picture and Story

6^th Virginia Cavalry, by Michael Musick, 1990, 177 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

7^th Virginia Cavalry, by Richard L. Armstrong, 1993, 259 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

7^th Virginia Cavalry, "Rebel Brothers: The Civil War Letters of the Truehearts," by Edward B. Williams. The Trueheart brothers, born and raised in Galveston, Texas, both joined the Confederate forces when the Civil War broke out. Charles, who entered the war as an infantryman in a company composed of University of Virginia students, eventually served as an artillerist in the First Rockbridge Artillery with the legendary "Stonewall Brigade"; and as an assistant regimental surgeon, with the 8th Alabama Infantry, with Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. He ended the war at Appomattox Court House as an assistant surgeon with the 1st Regiment Confederate Engineers. Henry's letters include a firsthand account of the Battle of Galveston and of his experiences riding with the 7th Virginia Cavalry and McNeill's Partisan Rangers. Offering the readers a rare glimpse into the life of a Confederate Cavalryman, the letters also chronicle Henry's participation in McNeill's raid on Cumberland, Maryland, in which Union generals George Crook and Benjamin Kelly were captured. Included is a detailed account of the trench warfare and the bloody Crater fight during the Petersburg siege. 288 pages, photos, 1995 issue, cost $ 35.00.

8^th Virginia Cavalry, by Jack Dickinson, 1988, 119 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read about Two Withered Armies Tramp a Field Again - General John W. Harris of Oklahoma City, Martin A. Loop of Sacramento City, CA. Also read about Jeb Stuart, General S. S. Simmons of Los Angeles, CA, James Philip Hammaker, of Aledo, Texas, and much more as Simons was a private with the 8th Virginia Calvary, part of Jeb Stuart's Outfit.

9^th Virginia Cavalry, by Robert K. Krick, 1982, 116 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H.E. Howard.

9^th Virginia Cavalry, "A Lieutenant of Cavalry in Lee's Army," by George W. Beale, a Lieutenant in the 9th Virginia Cavalry, 1994 reprint, 231 pages, costs $ 15.00.

9^th Virginia Cavalry, "History of the 9^th Virginia Cavalry in the War Between the States," by Robert L. T. Beale, cost $ 29.00.

9^th Virginia Cavalry, Company B Website

History of Lee's Light Horse Cavalry, Company C Website

10^th Virginia Cavalry, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1993, 186 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

12^th Virginia Cavalry, "Bull Run to Bull Run, or Four Years in the Army of Northern Virginia - The Baylor Light Horse - Twelfth Virginia Cavalry," by George Baylor. Originally published in 1900, at Richmond, Virginia by the B.F. Johnson Publishing Comany. Early reviewer noted, "a much consulted memoir by a Virginia Cavalryman; especially good for Baylor's discerning personal observations." Extremely rare, a copy if located in good condition, may cost around $ 550.00.

12^th Virginia Cavalry, by Dennis E. Frye, 1988, 188 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

13^th Virginia Cavalry, by Daniel Balfour, 1986, 115 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

14^th Virginia Cavalry, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1988, 206 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

14^th Virginia Cavalry, Company C Website

15^th Virginia Cavalry, by John Fortier, 1993, 185 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

16^th Virginia Cavalry, by Jack Dickinson, 1994, 123 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

16^th Virginia Cavalry Website

17^th Virginia Cavalry, by Nelson Harris, 1994, 91 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

17^th Virginia Cavalry,"A History of the Wildcat Cavalry," index, photos, maps, roster.

18^th Virginia Cavalry, by Roger U. Delauter, 1985, 108 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

19^th and 20^th Virginia Cavalry, by Richard L. Armstrong, 1994, 260 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

20^th and 19^th Virginia Cavalry, by Richard L. Armstrong, 1994, 260 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

21^st Virginia Cavalry, by John E. Olsen, 1989, 91 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

22^nd Virginia Cavalry, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1992, 116 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

22^nd Virginia Regiment Cavalry, C.S.A. Website

23^rd Virginia Cavalry,, by Richard B. Kleese, 1996, 108 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

24th Virginia Cavalry Website

25^th Virginia Cavalry, by Dobbie Lambert, 1994, 148 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

26^th Virginia Cavalry, by Richard L. Armstrong, 1989, 189 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

34^th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, by Scott C. Cole, 1993, 183 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

35^th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, by John Divine, 1985, 112 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

35^th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, "The Comanches: A History of Elijah V. White's Battalion, 35th Virginia Cavalry, Laurel Brigade, Hampton's Division, Army of Northern Virginia, C.S.A", by Captain Frank Myers, late Company A, 35th Virginia Cavalry, Baltimore, Maryland. With a new introduction by Lee A. Wallace, Jr. A true Confederate classic, reprinted in 1951 and very hard to find on the out of print market, James I. Robertson in his Civil War Books: A Critical Bibliography has stated that this book was comparable in spirit and charm to "Four Years in the Stonewall Brigade," by John O. Casler. Douglas Southall Freeman thought very highly of this book and made reference to it on many occasion. Recruited in Northern Virginia, the 35th fought under Grumble Jones, and Rosser. The Commanches distinguished themselves before the approving eyes of Stonewall Jackson, Richard Ewell, J.E.B. Stuart, Tom Rosser, and Wade Hampton. This famous battalion fought in battles, skirmishes, forays and raids including those of Brandy Station, Parkers' Store, the Wilderness, Trevillian, Hawes' Shop, Sapony Church, Tom's Brook, Hillsboro, Hatcher's Run and High Bridge. Originally issued in 1871, this reprint of 400 pages costs $40.00.

36^th and 37^th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, by J.L. Scott, 1989, 104 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

37^th and 36^th Battalion Virginia Cavalry, by J.L. Scott, 1989, 104 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

41^st Battalion Virginia Cavalry, "The Comanches: A History of White's Battalion, Virginia Cavalry," by Frank M. Myers. Originally published in 1871 at Baltimore, Maryland, it was reprinted in 1956 at Marietta, Georgia, by the Continental Book Company. 1st edition and 2nd edition may both prove hard to locate.

43^rd Battalion, "Mosby and His Men: A Record of the Adventures of that Renowned Partisan Ranger, John S. Mosby (Colonel, C.S.A.) Partisan Rangers," by J. Marshall Crawford, New York, 1867. Mosby and his Men, is the last of the books written on the famous "Partisan Ranger." Originally released in 1867 by this member of Company B, it includes the exploits of Smith, Chapman, Richards, Montjoy, Turner, Russell, Glasscock, and the men under them. Mosby tells their story in vivid reality from Fort Sumter to the disbanding of the Rangers in April, 1865. Originally issued in 1867, reprints are 375 pages, costing $ 30.00.

43^rd Battalion Virginia Partisan Rangers Website

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers. "Partisan Life with Mosby," by Joe M. Scott. Originally released in 1867 by Harper & Brothers, New York, this first edition in beautiful condition, with steel engravings, costs $ 375.00.

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers. "Mosby's Rangers, A Record of the Operations of the forty-third Battalion Virginia Cavalry, from its Organization to the Surrender," by James J. Williamson, of Company A. Published by Ralph B. Kenyon, Publisher, New York, New York, in 1896, this excellent book may be hard to locate.

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers. "Reminiscences of a Mosby Guerrilla," by John W. Munson. Released in 1906 by Moffat, Yard Company, New York, this first edition, very scare, costs $ 250.00.

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers, "Ranger Mosby," by Virgil Carrington Jones, published at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, by the University of North Carolina Press. Published in 1944.

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers, by Keen & Mewborn, 410 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

43^rd Battalion, "Virginia Partisan Rangers. Memoirs of Colonel John Singleton Mosby." Edited by Charles Wells Russell, 414 pages, maps. Originally released in 1917 and published at Boston, Massachusetts. Reprinted in 1959 with a new introduction by Virgil Carrington Jones at Bloomington, Indiana by the Indiana University Press. This 1992 reprint costs $ 35.00.

"Partisan Life with Colonel John Singleton Mosby," by Major John Scott. Introduction by Virgil C. Jones. The author interviewed officers and men of Mosby's command of the 43rd Virginia Partisan Rangers and corresponded with others. Scott lived with Colonel Mosby for a time and they rode over the same battlegrounds together after the war. 492 pages, photos, 1992 reprint costs $ 30.00.

43^rd Battalion, Virginia Partisan Rangers, "Mosby's Rangers: The True Adventures of the Most Famous Command of the Civil War," by Jeffrey Wert. Originally published in 1990 by Simon and Schuster, New York, New York, with 384 pages. Paperback, 1991 reprint, cost $ 11.00.

Loudoun Rangers, "History of the Independent Loudoun Rangers, U.S. Volunteer Cavalry (Scouts), 1862-1865," by Briscoe Goodhart. Originally published in 1896, by the Press of McGill and Wallace, Washington, DC, this 234 page, 1985 reprint by the Butternut Press, Gaithersburg, Maryland, with roster and photos, costs $ 25.00.

McNeill's Virginia Partisan Rangers, by Roger U. Delauter, 1986, 130 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

McNeill's Virginia Partisan Rangers, Virginia Cavalry, "Rebel Brothers: The Civil War Letters of the Truehearts," by Edward B. Williams. See info. under the 7th Virginia Cavalry.

Thurmond's Virginia Partisan Rangers and Swann's Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1993, 159 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Thurmond's Virginia Partisan Rangers Website

Swann's Battalion, Virginia Cavalry Website

Loudoun Rangers, "History of the Independent Loudoun Rangers," [U.S.A.] by Briscoe Goodhart. Originally issued in 1896. The Rangers were organized in the small towns and villages of Loudoun County, Virginia. This tough minded, intensely loyal Union Cavalry Unit fought along its Maryland counterpart, Cole's Cavalry, against the likes of Jeb Stuart, John Singleton Mosby, John Imboden, Lige White and Harry Gilmor. 234 pages, this reprint costs $ 25.00.

VIRGINIA ARTILLERY UNITS

Read the Story of "the brave young John Pelham, Commander of Jeb Stuart's Horse Artillery - Part 1

Pelham - Part 2

Pelham - Part 3

Read the Story of "Pelham, the Cannoneer -Part 1

Pelham the Cannoneer - Part 2

Virginia Light Artillery Battery Park Website

The 18^th and 20^th Battalions of Virginia Heavy Artillery, by Jeffrey C. Weaver and Tracy Chernault. Rosters, this 128 page 1995 issue costs $ 20.00.

20^th Battalion of Virginia Heavy Artillery, by Jeffrey C. Weaver and Tracy Chernault. See info. under the 18th & 20th Battations.

Alexandria Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Michael Andrus. See info. under Brooke, Faquier, Loudoun and Alexandria Batteries.

Allegheny Battery, Virginia Artillery by Keith S. Bohannon. See info. under Giles, Allegheny, and the Jackson Batteries.

Ashby Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Chew's, Ashby, Shoemaker's Lynchburg, and Newtown Batteries.

Ashland, Bedford, and Taylor Light Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Marilyn B. Koleszar, 1994, 111 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Barr's Battery, Virginia Light Artillery, by Jeffrey C. Weaver. See info. under Nottoway Artillery and Barr's Battery.

Bayley's Battery Heavy Artillery Website

Bedford Light Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Marilyn B. Koleszar. See info. under Ashland, Bedford & Taylor Light Batteries.

Bedford Light Battery, "The History of the Bedford Light Artillery, Known as Jordan's, later Smith's Virginia Battery, General James Longstreet's Confederate Army Corps," by Joseph A. Graves. Originally published in 1903, this battery fought on all the major battlefields in Virginia. This 1993, 83 page reprint, costs around $ 25.00.

(Johnson's) Bedford Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Charlottesville, Lee Lynch and Johnson's Bedford Batteries.

Botetourt Virginia Artillery, by Jerald Markham, 1994, 95 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Brooke, Fauquier, Loudoun and Alexandria Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Michael Andrus, 1990, 124 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Brunswick Rebel, Johnston, Southside, United, James City, Lunenburg Rebel, Pamunkey Heavy Artillery, and Young's Harbor Guard, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1996, 149 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Bryan's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by J.L. Scott. See info. under Lowry's, Bryan's and Chapman's Batteries.

Caroline Light, Parker and Stafford Light Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Homer Musselman, 1992, 144 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Chapman's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by J.L. Scott. See info. under Lowry's, Bryan's and Chapman's Batteries.

Charlottesville, Lee Lynchburg and Johnson's Bedford Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore, II, 1991, 172 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Chew's, Ashby, Shoemaker's Lynchburg and the Newtown Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore, II, 1990, 184 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Coffin's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Lee Wallace, Jr. See info. under Surry Light Artillery, and Martin's, Wright's and Coffin's Batteries.

Read the Obituary and Story of E.A. Moore, of Captain Wiley G. Coleman's Virginia Heavy Artillery (formerly Neblett's Heavy Artiller (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

Crenshaw Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Peter Carmichael. See info. under Purcell, Crenshaw and Letcher Batteries.

Danville, Eighth Star, New Market and the Dixie Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore, II, 1989, 110 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Davidson's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Michael A. Cavanaugh. See info. under Otey, Ringgold and Davidson Batteries.

Dixie Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See Danville, Eighth Star, New Market and the Dixie Batteries.

Eighth Star Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See Danville, Eighth Star, New Market and the Dixie Batteries.

Fauquier Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Michael Andrus. See info. under Brooke, Faquier, Loudoun and Alexandria Batteries.

Fayette Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Richmond, Fayette, Hampden, Thomas and Blount's Lynchburg Batteries.

Fluvanna Virginia Artillery, by David Martin, 1992, 165 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Fredericksburg Virginia Artillery, by Robert K. Krick, 1986, 123 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Gantt's Battery Website

Gauley, Mercer and the Western Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by P. Michael West, 1994, 156 pages, roster, cost, $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Giles, Allegheny, and the Jackson Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Keith S. Bohannon, 1990, 130 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Goochland Light, Goochland Turner and the Mountain Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1994, 122 pages, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Grandy's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Thomas R. Crew, Jr. & Benjamin H. Trask. See info. under Grimes, Grandy's and Huger's Batteries.

Grimes, Grandy's and Huger's Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Thomas R. Crew, Jr. & Benjamin H. Trask, 1995, 118 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Hampden Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Richmond, Fayette, Hampden, Thomas and Blount's Lynchburg Batteries.

Hanover Artillery, "Four Years in the Confederate Artillery: The Diary of Henry Robinson Berkeley, the Hanover Artillery," by Henry Robinson Berkeley, 156 page 1991 paperback reprint costs $ $ 15.00.

Huger's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Thomas R. Crew, Jr. & Benjamin H. Trask. See info. under Grimes, Grandy's and Huger's Batteries.

Jackson Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Keith S. Bohannon. See info. under Giles, Allegheny, and the Jackson Batteries.

King William Virginia Artillery, by Gregory Macaluso. See info. under Morris, Orange and King William Batteries.

Letcher Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Peter Carmichael. See info. under Purcell, Crenshaw and Letcher Batteries.

Lee Lynchburg Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Charlottesville, Lee Lynch and Johnson's Bedford Batteries.

Loudoun Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Michael Andrus. See info. under Brooke, Faquier, Loudoun and Alexandria Batteries.

Lowry's, Bryan's, and Chapman's Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by J.L. Scott, 1988, 108 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

(Blount's) Lynchburg Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Richmond, Fayette, Hampden, Thomas and Blount's Lynchburg Batteries.

Lunenburg Rebel Artillery Website

(Shoemaker's) Lynchburg Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Chew's, Ashby, Shoemaker's Lynchburg, and Newtown Batteries.

Manchester Light Artillery Website

Marion Artillery (Wilkinson's) Website

Martin's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Lee Wallace, Jr. See info. under Surry Light Artillery, and Martin's, Wright's and Coffin's Batteries.

Matthews Light Artillery Website

Mercer Battery, Virginia Artillery, by P. Michael West. See info. under Gauley, Mercer and the Western Batteries.

Middlesex Artillery Website

Morris, Orange and King William Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Gregory Macaluso, 1991, 122 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Mountain Battery, Virginia Artillery by Jeffrey C. Weaver. See info. under Goochland Light, Goochland Turner and the Mountain Batteries.

Nelson Artillery: Lamkin and Rives Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by W. Cullen Sherwood, 1991, 106 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

New Market Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See Danville, Eighth Star, New Market and the Dixie Batteries.

Newtown Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Chew's, Ashby, Shoemaker's Lynchburg, and Newtown Batteries.

Norfolk Blues - "The Civil War Diary of the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues," by Ken Wiley. Published by White Mane Publishing, the Norfolk Blues were in the war from its beginning, fighting for control of the Chesapeake and serving with Robert E. Lee at Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spotsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg and Appomattox Courthouse. 326 pages, costs, $ 30.00.

Nottoway Artillery and Barr's Battery Virginia Light Artillery, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1994, 142 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Barr's Artillery Website

Orange Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Gregory Macaluso. See info. under Morris, Orange and King William Batteries.

Otey, Ringgold and Davidson Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Michael A. Cavanaugh, 1988, 118 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Parker Light Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Homer Musselman. See info. under Caroline Light, Parker and Stafford Light Batteries, Virginia Artillery.

Parker's Virginia Battery, C.S.A., by Robert K. Krick. Originally published in 1985 by the Virginia Book Company, Berryville, Virginia, with 400 pages. This unit was comprised of men raised in the Richmond, Virginia area and was mustered into service on March 14^th, 1862. They were led into battle by Captain (Doctor) William Watts Parker, who, prior to military service, was engaged in the practice of medicine. 1989 reprint edition by Broadfoot Publishing Company, Wilmington, North Carolina, with 487 pages, cost $ 30.00.

Purcell, Crenshaw and the Letcher Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Peter Carmichael, 1990, 234 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read about General Reuben Lindsay Walker (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

Richmond, Fayette, Hampden, Thomas, and Blount's Lynchburg Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore, II, 1994, 178 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Richmond Howitzers in the War: "Four Years Campaigning with the Army of Northern Virginia," by Frederick S. Daniel. Originally released in 1891. 1993 release. 155 pages, cost $ 20.00.

Richmond Howitzers: "From the Rapidan to Richmond," by Private William M. Dame, Private in the Richmond Howitzers. Published in 1920 by Green Lucas, Baltimore, MD, this 1st edition, perfect condition costs $ 175.00.

Richmond Howitzers, Virginia Artillery, by Lee Wallace, Jr., 1994, 171 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read the Article about "Memories of a Yankee Prison Camp by James Blythe Moore, (owned by R.A. Mosocco, owner of this website for your personal viewing).

Ringgold Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Michael A. Cavanaugh. See info. under Otey, Ringgold and Davidson Batteries.

Rockbridge Artillery, 1st and 2nd, by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1988, 162 pages, photos, maps, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Saltville Artillery Website

Stafford Light Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Homer Musselman. See info. under Caroline Light, Parker and Stafford Light Batteries, Virginia Artillery.

Stauton Artillery, "McClanahan's Battery," by Robert J. Driver, Jr., 1989, 127 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read the obituary of William Cheatham, valiant Southern lad who gave it his best! And was a member of the Staunton Hill Artillery! (owned by R.A.Mosocco, the owner of this website for your personal viewing)

Stauton Light Artillery Website

Surry Light Artillery, "Under the Stars and Bars; A History of the Surry Light Artillery," by Benjamin W. Jones. Published in 1909 by the Everett Waddey Company, at Richmond, Virginia, this book should prove difficult to locate; reprint by Morningside, Dayton, Ohio, costs $ 30.00.

Surry Light Artillery and Martin's, Wright's, and Coffin's Batteries, Virginia Artillery, by Lee Wallace, Jr., 1995, 156 pages, photos, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Taylor Light Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Marilyn B. Koleszar. See info. under Ashland, Bedford & Taylor Light Batteries.

Thomas's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Robert Moore. See info. under Richmond, Fayette, Hampden, Thomas and Blount's Lynchburg Batteries.

Thurmond's Virginia Partisan Rangers and Swann's Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, by Jeffrey C. Weaver, 1993, 159 pages, roster, cost $ 25.00, H. E. Howard.

Read about Dr. T. G. Birchett, Surgeon for the Warren Light Artillery

Western Battery, Virginia Artillery, by P. Michael West. See info. under Gauley, Mercer and the Western Batteries.

Wright's Battery, Virginia Artillery, by Lee Wallace, Jr. See info. under Surry Light Artillery, and Martin's, Wright's and Coffin's Batteries.

Life of Brigadier General John McCausland - by James Earl Brown Volume 4, Number 4 (July 1943), pp. 239-293 EARLY LIFE Brigadier General John McCausland, famous as the savior of Lynchburg and as the alleged incendiary of Chambersburg,1 was born in St. Louis, September 13, 1836.2 His grandparents, Alexander and Elizabeth Kyle McCausland, had lived at Six Mile Cross, Tyrone County, Ireland.3 Alexander was the direct descendant of Colonel Robert McCausland of Fruithill, near Newton Limavidy, County Londonderry, who died in 1734.4 The name McCausland or McAuslane, as it was called in an early day, is not unknown in ancient Scotch and Irish history. In the days of Wallace and Bruce the McAuslanes lived on the shores of beautiful Loch Lomond in the highlands of Scotland, where they flourished and acted well their part in the bloody local wars of the times. They fought for Malcolm II, who gave them lands and a coat of arms as well.5 Most of the McCauslands of Tyrone and Londonderry are descended from Baron McAuslane, who with his two sons, migrated to Ireland from the parish of Luss in the latter part of the reign of King James I. The elder son of Baron McAuslane was the father of Colonel Robert McCausland who had estates in the parish of Cappagh in Tyrone County.6 Alexander McCausland, one of the descendants of Colonel Robert, married his cousin Elizabeth Kyle, the daughter of William Kyle who was knighted Sir William the Belt for gallantry and rewarded by land grants in Tyrone, Ireland.7 Because of threats of Catholic enemies, Alexander, a Protestant, sold his lands about 1800 for $1,400. He then embarked with his family for America. With his wife and eleven children he landed at Baltimore; then proceeding by wagon to Staunton, Virginia, he joined his relatives, the Kyles. One of Alexander's sons, John, married a cousin, Harriet Kyle Price, a widow who was the daughter of William Kyle and Sarah Stevens Kyle.8 John McCausland became associated with the Kyles in the mercantile business. The firm had stores in Nashville, Lynchburg, and St. Louis. John moved to St. Louis where he enjoyed phenomenal success, for he gained control of the heart of the city, a section which was one day to give his son a sizable fortune. Because of his business acumen, McCausland was asked by city counselor, Truston Polk, later governor of Missouri, to devise the taxation system for St. Louis, which as commissioner of taxation he proceeded to do. To this day this system stands as a monument to his rare ability.9 John and Harriet McCausland had three children -- John, Robert, and Laura. The latter died in infancy after being dropped by her nurse; John was a high-spirited and impulsive boy with a temper that sometimes caused unfortunate incidents;10 Robert, who later became a doctor, was exactly the opposite. In 1843, within a month of each other, their parents died. The boys lived with their grandmother, Mrs. Alexander McCausland, until her death. Then, in 1849, their guardian uncle, Alexander McCausland, brought them on a steamboat to Henderson, (West) Virginia. Here, at the mouth of the Great Kanawha River, they lived with their widowed aunt, Mrs. Jane Smith, and her three children -- Elizabeth, Mary Jane, and James.11 John McCausland was educated in the best elementary schools of his day in Mason County and at Buffalo Academy in Putnam County.12 On August 2, 1853, at the age of sixteen, he enrolled in the Virginia Military Institute at Lexington, Virginia. In 1857 he graduated in engineering at the head of his Class.13 For a year he studied at the University of Virginia14 and then in 1859 he became an assistant professor of mathematics and assistant instructor in artillery tactics at Virginia Military Institute. At the same time he studied law in Judge John W. Brockenbrough's office. For two years he taught at Virginia Military Institute. One of his colleagues on the faculty was Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson of whom he became a devoted admirer. As an indication of this devotion he gave in 1892 twenty shares of stock of a southern publishing company for a Jackson Memorial Hall to be erected on the Virginia Military Institute campus.15 It was while McCausland was a professor at Virginia Military Institute that John Brown made his daring raid on the arsenal at Harpers Ferry. After he had been captured by Colonel Robert E. Lee and a body of marines, Brown was tried for treason and found guilty. Fearing from published threats that an attempt might be made by Northern sympathizers to recruit him, Governor Henry A. Wise ordered Virginia troops to Charles Town to guard the prisoner until after the execution. Among them were cadets from Virginia Military Institute commanded by Colonel Francis H. Smith, the superintendent. The officers were Thomas J. Jackson and John McCausland.16 THE CALL TO ARMS When the call to arms was sounded in 1861, McCausland immediately offered his services to Virginia but not to the Confederacy.17 His first assignment was the organization of a battery of artillery composed of volunteers of Rockbridge County which was to gain fame as the Rockbridge Artillery. He drilled this unit until it was ready for service, when Governor John Letcher appointed him to its command with the rank of captain. This he declined but he persuaded a young Episcopal minister, the Reverend Doctor William N. Pendleton, a graduate of Virginia Military Institute, to accept. Pendleton was a good fighter and became General Lee's well known chief of artillery. Of Pendleton and his command McCausland later said: I only saw this battery once after it left the Academy. It was at the battle of Monocacy Bridge. My command was attacking General Lew Wallace's flank and was in the midst of a furious fight when all of a sudden I heard a swish behind us. Turning, I saw the Rockbridge battery charging pell-mell into the line. They swept past us with a roar, Captain Pendleton in the lead. As he went by he shouted, "Mack, we are here." That was the only time I saw them.18 Governor Letcher next suggested that McCausland be made a lieutenant colonel, and General Lee, on April 29, 1861, sent him to the Great Kanawha Valley to recruit and organize troops. McCausland was to muster into the service not more than ten companies; these he was to use only in defense. Lee told him to use his best judgment in the placement of these men so as to provide the most safety for them and protection for the residents of the Valley. As soon as possible arms and field pieces would be sent to make the Confederate position secure.19 In raising these troops McCausland had to rely on the draft, for which he was criticized.20 He organized the Thirty-sixth Regiment of Virginia Infantry, and later became its colonel. Some of the best blood of western Virginia counties was in this regiment. It was composed of soldiers, once they were trained, who were ever ready to follow, no matter what the dangers were, if McCausland led the way. To his men he was best known as "Tiger John."21 May 3, 1861, Colonel Christopher Q. Tompkins took command of McCausland's forces,22 but to McCausland fell the task of whipping the men into shape for active duty. May 16, 1861, he wrote from Buffalo to Colonel Francis H. Smith of Virginia Military Institute for help, saying that he needed troops, supplies, and drillmasters to prepare the men for the warm work ahead. Of the suggestion of an Ohio paper that his troops should be captured as Missouri troops were, McCausland declared, "They can't take us alive."23 On June 28, 1861, McCausland again wrote to Colonel Smith. This time he gave a picture of the recruits sent to him and of future plans. He said his men, though ill-clad and undisciplined, were being formed into an effective regiment to make an attack into Ohio across from Point Pleasant. He also mentioned the fact that General Henry A. Wise, ex-governor of Virginia, was having difficulty in raising troops in this region and had "only 300 in his Legion."24 Earlier Wise had been appointed brigadier general and authorized to raise a command, later known as "Wise's Legion." Wise was popular with the people of northwest Virginia and was expected to increase volunteering. But, according to McCausland, Wise had his troubles. In time, however, he succeeded in enlisting 2,705 men in the Great Kanawha Valley region.25 In all of this period there was fear of an attack in the Kanawha Valley. Federal troops were stationed at Gallipolis, Ohio, to watch developments there and elsewhere along the border.26 All the while McCausland drilled his troops and prepared. On July 3, he wrote Colonel Smith, asking him for badly needed cartridges and powder.27 The expected attack came on July 17, 1861, when a force under General Jacob D. Cox met a detachment of Wise's command at Scary on the Great Kanawha about fifteen miles west of Charleston. McCausland helped drive Cox back to the Pocotaligo28 Later, on July 24, Wise fell back to Charleston before a superior Union force.29 McClellan's advance to Cheat Mountain frightened the South and Wise, acting under discretionary orders, abandoned Charleston and retreated up the Kanawha. July 27, he left Gauley Bridge, burning the bridge over Gauley River, and after a march of over 100 miles reached Lewisburg on the last day of the month. He pitched his camp at Burger's Mill.30 This Federal success was important, as it gave them control of the mines, blast furnaces, foundries, the saltworks, and the navigable waters of the Ohio; petroleum wells of the Little Kanawha; and camps of observation far into Virginia, from which raiding parties were constantly working. The Confederates were unable to recruit more troops in this section, but they had to watch the Federals constantly.31 John B. Floyd, an ex-secretary of war and ex-governor, was also in southwest Virginia and, after Wise's retreat, was ordered to move to the region of Lewisburg and take command of the two armies.32 Floyd and Wise clashed over policy and created a critical situation. Floyd asked Wise to detail McCausland to his command, which request was granted on August 15, 1861. After some delay Floyd and McCausland left White Sulphur for Carnifex Ferry on August 22, 1861.33 At this time McCausland's command was torn by desertion and furlough. His men were also barefoot, without clothing, and sick with measles.34 August 26, Floyd achieved a victory over Colonel Erastus B. Tyler at Cross Lanes, Nicholas County, where he took one hundred prisoners and killed fifty Federals. In that engagement he had the aid of Generals Augustus A. Chapman and Alfred Beckley, as well as McCausland and Colonel Christopher Q. Tompkins.35 Fearing an attack from General William S. Rosecrans and waiting for reenforcements from Wise, Floyd remained inactive at Carnifex Ferry.36 From Summersville, September 8, McCausland informed Floyd that the Federals, led by Rosecrans, were advancing from Sutton. Already they were at Powell's Mountain with approximately 6,000 men. On September 9, the enemy moved forward and the next day met Floyd's army at Carnifex Ferry. After a spirited battle of four hours neither side was victorious. Floyd, however, recrossed the Gauley and moved to Dogwood Gap the ensuing night.37 When Lee, after his defeat at Cheat Mountain on September 12, took command of the Confederate forces in the Kanawha region, Wise was at Little Sewell Mountain. The latter had urged Floyd, his superior, to leave Meadow Bluff and join him, but this Floyd refused to do. Finally Lee, in order to please Wise, even though he agreed with Floyd that Meadow Bluff, Greenbrier County, was the place to meet the enemy, ordered Floyd to Little Sewell Mountain opposite Big Sewell Mountain where the Federals under Generals Jacob D. Cox and Rosecrans were encamped. On October 5, however, the Union forces retired from their precarious position and fell back to the Hawk's Nest about mid-October.38 Lee then went to Staunton and left Floyd with 2,000 men to follow the Federals to Fayetteville and thence to nearby Cotton Hill. On November 1, Floyd attacked Rosecrans at Gauley, but without success.39 He then took position on Cotton Hill. By November 6, Floyd's staff, which included McCausland, began to feel that its position on Cotton Hill was unsafe and submitted a petition to Floyd asking him to move to one of the following places: Newbern, Dublin, the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, or to a more active field of operation. Floyd said he would have to wait orders from the War Department before he could move.40 On November 10, he was attacked by Colonel Charles A. Devilliers and retreated to Loop Mountain and on November 14, he feel back to Piney Creek.41 When Floyd was ordered to Dublin Depot in December, the guards left at Meadow Bluff were on December 15 attacked and scattered by Colonel George Crook.42 Shortly after this Floyd and his army were attached to the army of General Albert Sidney Johnston at Bowling Green, Kentucky. McCausland and his command went with him.43 FORT DONELSON AND WESTERN VIRGINIA, 1862 Floyd was stationed in February 1862, at Fort Donelson where, as a part of General Albert Sidney Johnston's command, his force met a severe setback at the hands of Ulysses S. Grant. February 13, Floyd ordered McCausland from Cumberland City, where he had been in quarters, to Fort Donelson, which was being attacked by the Federals. He arrived at daylight, and was at once ordered into the trenches,44 where he supported Captain Henry Green's battery on the left wing. He was under fire all day.45 February 14, there was continued skirmishing with artillery and musketry. Then, the gunboats began a bombardment, but McCausland's brigade received no injuries. During the night the Confederates threw up a good earthwork in front of their battery, to repulse the attacks of the enemy. About midnight, McCausland received orders to concentrate his brigade near the left wing and at daylight on the morning of the 15th, this column, under General Gideon J. Pillow, sallied from the left and engaged General John A. McClernand. McCausland's brigade was a reserve for that of Colonel William E. Baldwin, but when the enemy pressed to his right, McCausland at once moved to Baldwin's support and engaged the enemy in thick undergrowth and in a rough and rolling country. When his firing had checked McClernand, McCausland ordered a charge that routed the enemy for two miles and he halted only at the order of General Pillow. As planned, the entire besieged army could have escaped through this opening in the Union lines, but General Pillow intervened and caused Floyd to change the orders. The Thirty-sixth Virginia under command of McCausland lost fourteen killed and forty-six wounded. It captured one field gun and 200 Enfield rifles. McCausland said his men behaved gallantly.46 Of this engagement General Pillow commended McCausland for his gallantry.47 Colonel Baldwin said: "I cannot forbear to mention that Colonel McCausland, not assigned to my command, voluntarily tendered his cooperation and was conspicuous for his daring intrepidity."48 Regardless of McCausland's bravery and that of others, Fort Donelson was unable to withstand the relentless counter attack of Grant and, though Pillow objected, Floyd decided to accept Grant's "unconditional surrender" terms. He then turned his command over to Pillow who refused it, thus giving to General Simon B. Buckner the unpleasant duty of surrender.49 Because of his record in Buchanan's cabinet Floyd was regarded generally in the North as a thief and an aggravated traitor. Threats were common that he should hang, if he fell into the hands of the Union army. From the extensive circulation of northern newspapers in the South, Floyd must have been aware of this, for in the conference with his generals discussing the surrender he said: "We will have to capitulate; but, gentlemen, you know my position with the Federals; it wouldn't do; it wouldn't do."50 Sunday, February 16, two small steamers, arriving at the fort about daybreak, furnished Floyd and about 1,500 of his troops, McCausland included, a means of escape. Pillow crossed the river in a skiff; Colonel Nathan B. Forrest took 500 of his cavalry, and a number of men from the infantry and artillery regiments, mounted on artillery horses, over the road which was submerged by the overflow of the Cumberland.51 Because of the surrender, President Jefferson Davis was greatly displeased and relieved Floyd and Pillow of their commands. Davis then tried to determine why information had not been given as to the insufficiency of the garrison; why they had not evacuated the post sooner; why they had abandoned the command; how they escaped; and why certain troops were selected to escape.52 Floyd's answer to Davis's inquiries may be summarized as follows: First, the enemy had 119 regiments. Many Confederate leaders realized the futility of trying to defeat the Union forces at this time. Floyd had told his superior officers that Fort Donelson was a dangerous place to concentrate, even with 20,000 men. Second, the men were not in condition -- they had fought eighty-four hours constantly and were exhausted. They could have tried to escape by cutting their way through, and lost three-fourths of their men, or marched through water three-feet deep, which the medical officer advised against, thus losing one-half of the command. Third, he did not believe in surrendering the "entire army." His was the dangerous job of taking those who could go. Those who remained were safe. Fourth, a senior officer has a right to choose any troops for any movement. However, his troops were nearest the boats, and so they were first. No one was excluded because he belonged to another regiment. Of the 13,829 that surrendered, three of the companies were his own -- French's, Guy's, and Jackson's. Five thousand were able to escape, where otherwise the whole force would have had to surrender.53 When asked his opinion regarding the necessity for the surrender, McCausland said: "I do not think it would have been possible for our troops to have cut their way through the enemy lines. An attempt would certainly have resulted in the loss of one-half of our entire army, including the whole baggage, army supplies, and artillery."54 They had their questionable opportunity to escape on the 14th when McClernand was routed. After that any effort would have been foolhardy. At least, that was the consensus of